Vapor-burner.



Patented lime 5, I900.

H. F.SMITH.

VAPOR BURNER. (Application filed Sept. 1a, 1899.

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

m: uoams PETERS co momma. WASHINGTON. a c.

Patented June 5, I900.

H. F. SMITHV.

VAPOR BURNER.

(Application filed Sept. 16, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Shee t 2.

(No Model.)

ME mums PETERS cc. PNOTO-LITHL), WASNINGYQN, 0 c4 N0. 65!,2ll. Patented June 5, I900. H. F. SMITH.

VAPOR BURNER.

(Application filed Sept, 16, 1899.) (N0 Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheef 3.

III/Ill "II/IIIIIII Tu: norms Pwzns co. PHOTO LITNO.. wnsumamn, I:v c.

'NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HARPER F. SMITH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO GRACE A. SMITH, OF SAME PLACE.

VAPOR-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 651,211, dated June 5, 1900. hpplication filed September 16,1899. Serial No. 730,680. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern]: i

Be it known that I HARPER F. SMITH, a citizen of theUnited States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Vapor-Burners, which improvement is fully-set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to burners in which gasolene or other hydrocarbon in a vaporized condition is employed as the lighting medium and it consists of novel means for more effectively vaporizing the same than heretofore.

It also consists of a novel construction of valve, valve-casing, and means for enabling the oil to be fed to andthrough said valve in a regular and uniform manner to the burner.

It also consists in the employment of a supply-reservoir having a pipe leadingtherefrom to a chamber filled with wicking or similar material, whereby back vapor-pressure into said reservoir is prevented, said chamber leading into a pocket in the valve-casing, which latter is rigidly secured in position upon the lantern by novel means, whereby oscillation or vibration of the valve or burner, which is connected thereto by a suitable pipe, is prevented, thus affording protection against the breakage of the mantle, since said valve,burner,and mantle are immovably supported relative to each other.

It also consists of a novel construction of improved superheating and commingling devices for the air and vapor contained within the burner and to be hereinafter referred to, whereby the fiame is caused to strike the entire inner surface of the mantle, thereby producing an intense, steady, and brilliant incandescent light at all times.

It further consists of novel details of construction, all as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a burner embodying my invention, the generator, controlling-valve, and devices for cleanin g the hydrocarbon and preventing back pressure, as well as the means for supporting the valve, being shown in section. Fig. 2

representsa plan view of the burner seen in Fig. 1 with the mantle removed. Fig. represents a section onlinecc 00, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 represents a perspective view of the burnercone removed. Fig.5 represents a detached perspective view of an inner cap. (Seen also in Fig. 3.) Fig. 6 represents a detached perspective view of a supporting-frame for the cap. (Seen alsoin Fig. 3.) Fig. 7 represents a sectional view of a controlling-valve and the devices for cleaningthe hydrocarbon and adjuncts. (Seen also in Fig. 1.) Fig. 8 represents a sectional view of the valve-casing with the receiver for dirt, water,&c. omitted. Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of aburner embodying my invention, in which I employ a chimney and its adjuncts, whereby the mantle is protected. Fig. 10 represents a section on line y y, Fig. 9. Fig. 11 representsa perspective view of the chimney -support seen in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 represents a perspective view of the inner cap seen in Fig;

10. Fig. 13 represents a modified form of Fig. 12. Fig. 14: represents a detached perspective view of the perforated cap seen in Fig. 9 and 10. Fig. 15 represents a perspective view of a spider in detached position. Figs. 16 represents asectional view ofa tube lined with asbestos.

Similar numerals of reference indicatecorresponding parts in the figures. Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a reservoir for the reception of the gasolene or other hydrocarbon and having the pipe 2 leading therefrom to the chamber 3, which preferably consists of the shell 4, having the cap 5 secured thereto and provided with the nipple 6, which engages said pipe 2. t The chamber 3 is filled with wickin g or other packing material 7, which acts as an absorbent and is packed sufficiently tight, so as to permit the proper flow of the gasolene, which, with the pressure of the oil from above by reason of the gravity of the column of said oil, I have found by experiment forms a sufficient resistance to any vapor back pressure and gives anincreased pressure in the conduit to the burner. It will be-appareut from the foregoing that I utilize the gravity-pressu re of the oil,as the col umn of the latter flowing through the tightlypacked wicking 7 forms a barrier to the back pressure of the vapor which is contained in the tube leading to the burner, whereby an exceedingly steady and uniform light is produced.

8 designates a nipple depending from the base of the chamber 3 and discharging into the pocket 9 of the valve-casing 10, said pocket serving to hold sufficient liquid, so that the additional pressure may be uniform and regular.

11 designates a port leading from the lower portion of the pocket 9 and controlled by the valve 12, which is mounted in the boss or extension 13 of the valve-casing, which extends through a rib 1 1 of the lamp or lantern frame and is held in position by the nut or washer 15 or other suitable clamping device.

16 designates a passage leading from the port 11 to the drip-chamber or trap 17, which acts as a receiver for all dirt, water, or other objectionable matter, the lower end of said chamber having a closure 18, which latter, as well as said chamber, may be continued to and through an opening in the bottom of the lantern, if desired. At the upper end of closure is a slit 52, sufficient to permit the running out of any objectionable matter without removing closure from drip-chamber, and it will also be apparent that the chamber 3 may be located exteriorly of the lantern, as shown dotted in Fig. 7, or it may be located at outlet-chamber of valve, in which case the supply-pipe from reservoir would connect with valve and the valve outlet-chamber would connect with the upper screw-cap of chamber. 3, and the supply-pipe leading into burner would connect with the lower screweap of said chamber. If the chamber 3 is located within the lantern, a covering of asbestos or similar material may be applied thereto, or said chamber maybe constructed will occur during the manipulation of the valve 12.

19 designates a pack-tube in which asbestos or othersimilar indestructible material 20 is used, one end of said tube being continued into thevalve-casing 10 for some distance, as willbeunderstood from Figs. 1 and 7, while the other end thereof is extended for some distance into the member 21 of the generator 22, the object of this being to extend over the end of the pack-tube adjacent to the burner anauxiliar heater which serves as a sheath, thereby confining the heat and intensifying the vaporization, which expands the hydrocarbon to its full development before reaching thevapor-chamber, the opening 23 in the gas-chamber 24 permitting flame to play against said sheath and also against the depending member 25 of said generator. In practice the portion 21 is threaded only near the downward passage, and the casting is bored out from the threads to the entrance or outer end of said casting, where the packtube is primarily inserted. In Figs. 9 and 10 the pack-tube is simply secured directly into the member 21, leading into the downward passage 25, and the flame from the opening 23 plays directly against the supply-pipe.

In its expanded state the vapor passes down through the pipe 25 and up through the valved port 26, at which point it takes 11 pa large percentage of the atmosphere, with which it commingles, thereby cooling the vapor and cansing a contraction of the fixed gas. After this high percentage of atmosphere has been mixed with the vapor it passes up into the mixing tube or opening 27, which forms the entrance to the mixing-chamber 28, in which the gas is again heated in its partially-mixed state, said gas next impinging against the top 29 of the cap 30 and rebounding and becoming heated and passing through the slots or openings 81 in said cap, where the molecules of air and gas again become thoroughly mixed, and after continuing up in the chamber 2t to the uppersuperheatingchamber 32 the gas after being thoroughly heated and commingled passes through-the cone 33, which rests upon or is fastened to the burner in any suitable manner. If desired,a perforated disk 34, such as seen in Figs. 9, 10, and 14, may be employed, and it will be understood that the cone or disk may be of any suitable corrosive or non-corrosive materialhaving either a perforated, slotted, or any other kind of outletopening to'permit the egress of the gas. The cone shape causes a radiation of the heat in its entire inner surface, thereby causing an extra superheating of the gas before leaving said cone, thereby giving it additional force and vitality as it fills the inner surface of the mantle. Besides it conveys in a radiantform the heat down into the heating-chamber, which keeps the same in a highly-heated state, and it will he further apparent that the gas passing from the cone by its conformity to the shape of the mantle causes the flame to strike the entire inner surface of the mantle, thereby producing an intense, steady, and brilliant incandescent light. 'lheunantle atall times, owing to thegas exudations, is filled to its utmost capacity, and consequently the light is always regular and full.

When the fiat surface or disk form is used, the discharge area is limited on account of the width of the mantle, and by increasing this area or surface, as shown in the conical form, I consequently increase the burningsurface of the burner and cause less resistance to the gas as it comes to the cone inits superheated state, which admits a larger percentage of air into the mixing and heating chamber than could be admitted by anyflat or disk form. Additional efiiciency is obtained from the employment of the cone, since the hydrocarbon in the pacletube, as seen in Fig. 1, is vaporized by the direct action of the flame of the cone playing directly against that portion connected with the sheathing-tube. The cap is supported upon the ring or frame 36 or its equivalent, which may have the depending legs 37, which rest on the plate 38, as seen in Fig. 3, or, if desired, said ring 36 can be supported directly on the contiguous plate 39, as seen in Fig. 10. g

In connection with the disk 34 (seen in Figs. 9 and 10) I also employ an inverted cone 40, suitably supported, as. by the connection 41, which leads to the center of said disk, so that a small space intervenes between said disk and cone, so that the gas rushing upon the pointed vertex of the cone is thrown to the topmost side of the burner and issues from the top of the disk 34 in its full force from the points nearest to the mantle, and consequently the burning gas centers higher and fills the mantle better than if the inverted cone were not employed.

' In conjunction with the disk 34 and the cone 40 I also prefer to employ the form of cap seen in Figs. 10 and 12, wherein I provide the portion 29 with the arms 42, which form a spider, wherefrom it will be seen that the slots 31 serve to throw the gas partly against the side of the burner and also upwardly through said spider.

When I employ the cap 43 seen in Fig. 13 in place of the cap seen in Fig. 12, it will be seen that the gas will be thrown directly through the slot 44 against the side of the burner, whence it passes up through the spider above it. The spider 45 (seen in Fig. 15) may be placed on the ring or frame 36, (seen in Figs. 3 and 6,) whereby it is held about in the middle of the burner, and thus serves to assist in the disintegrating and commingling of the air and gas and also keeps the same in an agitated condition, and thus produces a more brilliant light.

In the constructions seen in Figs. 9 and 10 I employ a chimney 46, which is held by the looped upright or rod 47, which is adjustable by means of the set-screw 48, the chimney seen in Fig. 9 being sustained on lugs 49, while in cases where it is desired to use alarge chimney a perforated plate 50 is employed, as seen in Figs. 10 and 11, said plate having openings 51, through which theends of said lugs pass.

It will of course be understood that other suitable devices may be employed for retaining the upper and lower portions of the chimneys in a stable and fixed position without departing from the spirit of my invention. It will also be'apparent that the burner being supported solely by its connection to the pack tube 20 and the latter being sustained from the part 32 constitutesa tertiarymixing and heating chamber, which discharges into the outlet cone ordisk.

It is apparent in Fig. 16 that the pack-tube 19 may be lined with thin sheet-asbestos rolled in tubular shape and out just to meet, simply that vapor may not come in direct contact with the heated metal, or a slight asbestos tube may be used.

I desire to call especial attention to my method of lining the tube with asbestos, since the abestos is indestructible and tubes treated in this way last indefinitely.

Having thus described my.invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1. In a burner, a reservoir, a supply-pipe leading downwardly therefrom, a tube, suit ably packed, in connection with said supplypipe, a valve-casing suitably supported, a pocket in said valve-casing controlled by a valve, said valve and the part controlled thereby being located at one side of said pocket, and a trap in said valve-casin g below said valve, said tube engaging said casing above said trap, in combination with a tube packed with asbestos and extending from said trap to a burner, and a generator having a sheath adjacent said burner, said tube being extended into said sheath.

2. The combination of a reservoir, a pipe leading therefrom to a-chamber filled with packin g, a valve-casin g com m unicating therewith, a pocket in said casing controlled by a valve, atrap below said pocket, a pack-tube engaging said casing and continued into the latter above the base of said trap, said packtube being filled with asbestos or similar material,aburner and connections from said packtube to said burner.

3. The combination of a reservoir, a pipe leading downwardly therefrom, a chamber containing packing interposed in said pipe, a valve-casing connected with said chamber, a pocket in said casing controlled by a valve,- a trap located below said pocket, a pack-tube engaged with said casing and having its endterminating above the bottom of said trap, asbestos in said pack-tube, connections from the latter to a burner, and an angular gen IIO erator forsaid burner, a portion ofsaid ge'nerator being prolonged formingasheath, into which said pack-tube extends.

4. The combination of a lamp or lantern, a valve-casing engaging a portion'of said lantern and having an extension projecting outside of said lantern, a clamping device on said extension, a valve engaging the latter, a pocket in said casing for the reception of hydrocarboma trap located below said pocket, an angular opening leading from said pocket to said trap and an angular outlet leading from said trap to the burner.

5. In a vapor-burner, a valve-casing, a pocket therein, a trap below said pocket and in alinement therewith, a valve controlling the communication between said pocket and trap, said valve being located at one side of said pocket, a pack-tube entering said casing at an angle to said trap and connections from said pack-tube to said burner.

6. The combination of a lantern, a valvecasing rigidly clamped to a portion thereof, a pocket in said casing, an angular opening leading downwardly from said pocket and controlled by a valve, a trap located below said pocket and extending in substantial alinement therewith, and a pack-tube engag-.

ing said casing and having its end extended upwardly thereinto to a point above the base ofsaid trap.

7. In a vapor-burner, the combination of a reservoir,a valve-casing,a pipe common thereto, a pocket in said casing, a trap below said pocket, an angular opening common to said trap and poeket,a valve controlling said opening, a pack-tube extended upwardly into said casing at an angle to said trap to a point above the bottom of the latter, said tube being packed throughout its entire length and a burner connected to said tube.

8. In a burner, a generator, a pack-tube extended into said generator and packed throughout its length, said generatorbeing of angular shape and having a downwardly-extending portion leading to said burner, an

opening in the side of said burner adapted to permit flames to play upon said generatolya primary mixing tube or chamber, a secondary mixing or heating chamber, a cap closed at its top and open at its sides, and a tertiary mixing and heating chamber havinga perforated top, the latter being adapted to radiate heat against said generator.

9. In a burner, a mixing'tube, a secondary mixingchamber above having apertured sides, a tertiary mixing or' heating chamber, an apertured cap above said tertiary chamber, a mantle located above said cap and surrounding the latter, an angular generator lo cated adjacent said burner and aslot in the latter adapted to permit flames to play upon said generator.

10. The combination of a burner, an an gular-shaped generator located in proximity thereto, an opening in said burner for permitting the flames to play directly upon said generator, a perforated outlet-cap located in the upper portion of said burner, a primary mixing tube or chamber, a secondary mixing and heating chamber capped at its top and open at itsside and a tertiaryheating and mixing chamber leading to said perforated cap, the latter permitting heat to be radiated upon said generator.

11. In asburner, a supply-pipe, a generator heated by flames from an opening in the side of said burner, said generator having a downward passage leading to the burner, an airmixing tube leading into a chamber above closed at its top and opened at its side, whereby gas is thrown directly against the inner surface of the burner, a slotted distributor through which gas passes upwardly into the superheating-chamber and aperforated cap located in the upper portion of said burner.

12. A hydrocarbon incandescent burner provided with a vaporizing-tube and a needlevalve discharging vapor into the mixing-tube of the superposed burner, the latter being di vided into two compartments by means of a spider suitably su pported-therein, said spider being solid in the center and slotted in the outer portions thereof, in combination with a generator adjacent said burner and a slot in the latter for permitting flames to play upon saidgenerator.

13. In a hydrocarbon incandescent burner, a plurality of mixing-chambers located therein, and an angular generator adjacent to said burner, a diagonal slot in the latter for permitting flames to play upon said generator, a perforatedcap in the upper portion of said burner, supports extending laterally from the bnrnerand a chimney surrounding the mantle and other supporting devices for sustaining a chimney of greater diameter.

14. The combination of a burner-tube, a burner, primary, secondary, and tertiary chambers therein, all of said chambers being constructed and located substantially as described, a perforated cap supported upon said burner-tube, aspider located in one of said chambers, supporting devices for said spider, a mantle having its lower edge surrounding saidcap and means for supporting said mantle.

15 The combination of a burner, an angular generator adjacent thereto, a packingtube extended into said generator for a portion of its length, a conefor said burner, a diagonaloutlet from said burner adjacent to said generator, said generator being located so that it is heated by flames discharged from said cone and also from an opening in said burner.

16. The combinationof a lamp or lantern frame, a reservoir, a valve-casing secured to said frame, a pipe common to the latter and tosaid reservoir, a chamber. containing packing material located therein, an extension for said casing projecting through said lanternframe, means for rigidly securing said extension to said frame, arvalve located in said extension, a valved port leading downwardly from said pocket, a trap located below said pocket, and a connection from the upper portion of said trap to a burner.

' 17. The combination of a reservoir, a connection therefrom to a chamber filled with packing for preventing back pressure, a pocket below said chamber, andlocated in the valve-casing, means for rigidly securing the latter to the lamp or lantern frame, a valved port located at one side of said pocket, a pa, sage leading from said pocket to a trap, a burner, and a tube packed with asbestos. or similar material leading from said valve-casing to said burner.

18. Ina burner, a pack-tube filled with asbestos or suitable material, and leading to an angular generator, the latter beingheate'd by the mantle and by flame through a diagonal slot in a side of the burner, the latterbeing adjacent to said generator, primary, secondary and tertiary heating and commingling chambers 27, 2S and 32 respectively, an outlet leading from said burner, a mantle, and means for causing the flame to be evenly discharged from said outlet upon said mantle.

19. The combination of a reservoir, a pipe leading downwardly therefrom, a chamber having a screw-cap projecting into said pipe, packing in said chamber, a valve-casing engaged thereby, means for securing said casin g rigidly in position, a trap for said valvechamber, and a pipe leading from the latter to the burner.

20. In a burner, a pack-tube, a lining of sheet or tube asbestos therefor whereby a large passage for the hydrocarbon is permitted, means for enabling said pack tube to vaporize the hydrocarbon by heat impingement so greatly as to keep the passage-way so vaporcharged that the inlet to the vapor-chamber is so pressed and filled by expansion that an extra force or pressure is obtained as the vapor leaves said vapor-chamber at the'needlevalve opening, a generator adjacent said burner and in engagement with said packtube, and an opening in said burner for per mitting flame to discharge on said generator.

21. A burner having a mantle, a vaporchamber, a mixing tube, and gas heating and distributing chambers, in combination with a and an asbestos-lined tube connecting said valve with said vapor-chamber.

22. In a burner, a tube extending from a source of supply to said burner,in combination with an open asbestos chamber or tube extending longitudinally of and inside said metallic tube, the passage within said asbestos chamber or tube serving to evenly vaporize the hydrocarbon fluid and to convey the same in a highly-heated and expanded state to the vapor-chamber of the burner.

23. The combination of a burner, an angular generator adjacent one side thereof and a diagonal slot in said burner located in proximity to said generator, whereby flameis permitted to impinge directly upon the latter, for the reception of the end of a pack-tube, the latter being continued into said generator, which serves as a sheath and to inclose the discharge end of said pack-tube.

24. The combination of a burner, an angular generator adjacent thereto, a diagonal slot in said burner located in proximity to said generator, whereby flame is permitted to impinge directly upon the latter, and a packtube suitably packed and extending into said generator for some distance.

HARPER F. SMITH.

Witnesses:

WM. OANER WIEDERsHEIM, O. D. MOVAY. 

